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How we work

Rules, models and human judgement: how LodgeiT writes tax law as Logical English

Draft public page, derived from the internal best-practice document v0.1 (28 Oct 2026). Status marks: [measured] we ran it or counted it · [reviewer] a reviewer said it in writing · [claim] we believe it, no evidence yet.

The idea in one paragraph

LodgeiT uses three kinds of intelligence, and each does only the job it is good at. Rules written in Logical English do the law and the arithmetic, deterministically, and say when they cannot answer. Language models explain, retrieve, ask for missing facts and draft; they never decide a figure the rules can prove. Qualified humans decide whether the rules state the law correctly, and their verdict, bound to the exact file they read, is what makes the rules trustworthy. The bounty programme is how we pay for that judgement.

Logical English is the executable legal specification, the surface a practitioner reviews, and the oracle our product code is checked against. It is not the production runtime.

Who does what

TaskRulesModelQualified human
State the law as executable rulesdrafts with helpdrafts with helpratifies
Compute a figureyesnever, where the rules cover itchecks by hand in review
Say “cannot be determined: missing X”yesturns X into a question—
Refuse out-of-scope casesyessays the answer wasn’t rule-checkedagrees the scope is right
Explain an answer in plain wordssupplies the proofyes—
Find and read legislation—as a research aidreads it themselves
Decide the rules state the law—neveryes

Why the model never computes where rules exist: in one test a chain of three models reached the right answer only because the third caught an arithmetic error the second had missed. [measured] Nothing deterministic checked it. The rules would have.

The pipeline

  1. Statute to rule file. Drafted from the Act, never from forms, worksheets or calculators. (The Division 36 work began because a product followed an ATO worksheet that diverges from s 36-15 in one kind of year. [measured])
  2. Measure. Every embedded test runs on a pinned reasoner. Rules, scenarios and tests are counted by command. Zero rules that no test reaches.
  3. Independent re-derivation. A separate agent that has not seen the expected answers works a sample of scenarios from the statute alone. On the CGT file this caught a cost-base defect (s 110-45(2)) before release. [measured]
  4. Human review (a bounty). Practitioners read the rules against the statute and return a verdict on a form.
  5. Revise. Every finding gets a recorded disposition: adopted, turned into a refusal, stated as a precondition, put back as a question, or rejected with a reason.
  6. Review again if the file changed materially.
  7. Pin. The accepted file is identified by its SHA-256 and the reasoner by its full commit, archived.
  8. Use. Products and Tax Genii run the pinned file and show its SHA with every answer that used it, labelled “under review” until the verdicts are in.

What a reviewable rule file looks like

The human review: why it is paid, what it asks

Reading rules against a statute is slow and unfamiliar even for experienced practitioners; round one of Division 36, about 90 lines, took one reviewer four hours. [reviewer] The fee is set to the scope and does not depend on the verdict: a REJECT is worth the same as an ACCEPT. A polite approval of something wrong is the one outcome we cannot use.

We ask, rule by rule, whether the comment states the subsection correctly and whether the rule does what the comment says; for scenarios traced by hand; for unstated assumptions and cases that should refuse but don’t; and, the question we value most, a fact pattern where the rules give a plausible figure that is wrong. We do not ask anyone to install software or read code.

AI and the reviewer

Reviewers may use AI to find provisions or test their understanding. What we pay for is their own qualified judgement. The review is designed so a model-only verdict is not enough: the break-it fact pattern is theirs and we run it; the form asks which provisions they read and which scenarios they traced; every verdict gets a paid follow-up round, which is where understanding shows (in Division 36 round one, two of five verdicts changed after follow-up [measured]); and the form carries an explicit attestation.

Words we use

A file is “under review” until the verdicts are in and every finding is dispositioned; never “certified” before then. A difference from an ATO tool is “a gap we have raised”, not “the ATO is wrong”.

Current files